Global battery regulations are evolving to ensure safer, more sustainable energy storage. In 2025 and 2026, lithium-ion and emerging sodium-ion batteries face new classification, transport, and state-of-charge (SoC) requirements. These updates affect manufacturers, shippers, and end users, redefining compliance standards for battery-powered vehicles, consumer electronics, and industrial energy systems.
What Are Sodium-Ion Batteries and How Do They Compare to Lithium-Ion?
Sodium-ion batteries are emerging as a promising alternative to lithium-ion technology. Both types are rechargeable and suitable for various applications, but they differ in performance, cost, and environmental impact.
| Feature | Lithium-Ion | Sodium-Ion |
|---|---|---|
| Energy Density | 150–250 Wh/kg | 100–150 Wh/kg |
| Cost | Higher due to lithium extraction | Lower, sodium is abundant |
| Environmental Impact | Mining and recycling challenges, fire risk | Abundant materials, lower ecological risk |
While lithium-ion batteries remain dominant in EVs and portable electronics due to higher energy density, sodium-ion batteries offer cost advantages and more sustainable resource use, making them ideal for large-scale energy storage solutions.
How Are UN Classifications for Batteries Changing?
New UN numbers for 2025 address both lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries:
UN 3551 – Sodium-ion batteries
UN 3552 – Sodium-ion batteries packed with or contained in equipment
UN 3556 – Vehicle, lithium-ion-battery-powered
UN 3557 – Vehicle, lithium-metal-battery-powered
UN 3558 – Vehicle, sodium-ion-battery-powered
Battery-powered vehicles previously classified under UN 3171 must now follow the new UN codes based on chemistry. A three-month transition started January 1, 2025, with full compliance required by March 31, 2025.
What Are the Updated State-of-Charge (SoC) Requirements?
Starting January 1, 2026, stricter SoC limits apply to many lithium-ion batteries, enhancing transport safety:
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| Battery Type | SoC Restriction | Approval Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| Vehicles >100 Wh | ≤30% (mandatory) | Approval needed for higher SoC |
| Vehicles ≤100 Wh | ≤30% (recommended) | N/A |
| Lithium-ion packed with equipment >2.7 Wh | ≤30% (mandatory) | Approval needed for higher SoC |
| Lithium-ion contained in equipment | ≤30% (recommended) | N/A |
These rules cover lithium batteries in vehicles, consumer electronics, and charging accessories, requiring shippers to adjust procedures to maintain compliance.
Why Are These Regulatory Changes Important?
The 2025–2026 updates improve safety in transport and storage, reduce fire and environmental risks, and facilitate global standardization. Compliance ensures legal adherence while maintaining supply chain efficiency. Companies that adapt proactively can leverage these changes to improve operational safety, reduce liabilities, and position themselves competitively in a growing energy storage market.
How Can Companies Prepare for Compliance?
Review UN Classification Changes: Align product labeling and documentation with new codes.
Implement SoC Controls: Ensure lithium-ion batteries shipped by air meet the updated 30% restrictions.
Track Battery Chemistry: Differentiate between lithium-ion, lithium-metal, and sodium-ion for proper handling.
Partner with Experts: Logistics providers like Flexport offer guidance and solutions to navigate evolving dangerous goods regulations.
Redway Expert Views
“Battery regulations are evolving rapidly, and businesses must stay ahead to ensure safety and compliance. Redway Battery’s lithium and sodium-ion cells meet international standards, providing reliable energy solutions that align with new UN classifications and SoC requirements. By integrating proper handling protocols and using high-quality batteries, companies can reduce risks and enhance supply chain efficiency.”
Conclusion
The 2025 and 2026 battery regulations mark a significant shift in the transport and classification of lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. Understanding UN classification changes, SoC restrictions, and emerging sodium-ion technology is essential for manufacturers, shippers, and end users. Staying informed ensures compliance, operational safety, and opportunities for innovation in the expanding global battery market.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: What is the main difference between lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries?
A1: Lithium-ion batteries have higher energy density and are suitable for compact devices, while sodium-ion batteries are lower cost, more abundant, and environmentally friendly, making them ideal for large-scale storage.
Q2: When do the updated UN classifications take effect?
A2: The new UN numbers and shipping rules for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries are effective March 31, 2025, after a three-month transition period.
Q3: What does the 30% SoC rule mean?
A3: It limits lithium-ion batteries to 30% of their rated charge for safe air transport. Higher SoC levels require special approval from regulators.
Q4: Do these changes affect battery-powered vehicles?
A4: Yes, vehicles powered by lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries must now follow new UN codes (UN 3556–3558) instead of UN 3171.
Q5: How can companies ensure compliance with these rules?
A5: Review battery types, update documentation, enforce SoC limits, and partner with logistics experts to manage dangerous goods safely.
