A BMS (Battery Management System) is an electronic system that manages and protects rechargeable batteries by monitoring and controlling their essential parameters, such as voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge. It ensures safe and efficient battery operation, prolongs battery life, and prevents potentially dangerous situations like overcharging, overdischarging, or overheating. BMS is commonly used in various applications, including electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and portable electronic devices.
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BMS for Sub-cells Features Discharge Overcurrent and Short-Circuit Protection Functions.
Determining Overcurrent and Discharge Conditions:
| Condition | When the smart battery is in a charging or discharging state, if the detected current exceeds 3A and remains above 3A after a 0.2s delay, it is considered as overcurrent. |
| Protection | At this point, the protection circuit will cut off the discharge protection switch. The removal of the protection condition is when connecting the charger. When a connected charger is detected, the overcurrent protection is removed; otherwise, the smart battery will remain in a protected state.
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Determining Overcharge and Discharge Conditions:
| Condition | During the charging process, if the battery voltage exceeds 4.2V or the total voltage surpasses 16.8V, it is considered to be in an overcharge state. |
| Protection | At this point, the protection execution circuit disconnects the charging protection switch. In the overcharge and discharge state, each individual battery voltage is less than 4V.
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Determining Overcharge Protection Failure:
| Condition | During the charging process, if the battery voltage exceeds 4.4V, it is considered that the charging protection function is abnormal |
| Protection | In such a case, the secondary protection circuit is activated, and the three-terminal fuse is blown.
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Determining Overdischarge, Under-Voltage, and Discharge Conditions:
| Condition | During the discharge process, when the voltage of a specific battery drops below 2.5V, it is considered to be in an over-discharge state |
| Protection | . In this case, the protection circuit cuts off the discharge switch and stops the discharge. The release condition is when the voltage of all batteries is above 3V. |
Determining Overtemperature Protection and Release Conditions:
| Condition | When the battery voltage temperature exceeds 55°C, it is considered to be in an overheated state |
| Protection | . In this case, the protection circuit disconnects the charge and discharge protection switch. The release condition is when the battery temperature falls below 50°C.
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